A -y at the end of the word is replaced by an -i.

The final consonant -l is always doubled after a vowel in British English but not in American English.Įxample: trav el – trave lled (British), trave led (American).

The final consonant is doubled after short stressed vowels.

When a verb ends with -e, we simply add a -d. The difference between the present perfect and the past perfect tense is that the present perfect tense expresses an action that happened in the past but the result are relevant in the present, and the past perfect tense expresses two actions that happened one after the other in the past.

However, here are a few exceptions to take note of when conjugating the past participle of regular verbs: The past participle of irregular verbs is different and should be memorised. Barnes is very important in this company. I'll finish it tomorrow.' 2 I much last year, but I a lot this year. The past participle for regular verbs is formed by adding -ed to the base form of the verb. Past simple or present perfect Exercise 1 Choose past simple or present perfect to complete the sentences below. She has wanted a surprise party for years.

states and situations that began in the past and continue up to the present (with the signal words for and since)Įxample: I haven’t seen him for ages.

actions that did or did not happen up to the moment of speaking (with already and yet)Įxamples: Has Tony replied yet? I have already ordered food and drinks for thirty people.Įxample: You have reminded her at least seven times.

recently completed actions (usually with the signal word just).past experiences with the signal words ever and never Examples: She has never had a surprise party before.completed actions that have an influence on the present, usually without a specific time markerĮxample: I’ve invited all her friends and family, now I’m waiting for their replies.We use the present perfect simple to express:

Past simple present perfect